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'Terra Australis Incognita', a Latin term meaning ‘Unknown Southern Land’, was the last landmass to be discovered by European explorers. This mystical land and the riches it held inspired explorers to sail into the unknown. But it wasn't until Captain JAMES COOK arrived in Botany Bay in 1770 that the discovery was official.
Overcrowded prisons in England and disruption caused by the American Revolution were two key reasons for the first shipment of convicts to the great southern land. It was the explorer and botanist JOSEPH BANKS who, in 1779, suggested that New South Wales would be a fine site for a penal colony.
The British accepted Australia as a member of the Commonwealth, giving it autonomy in 1942. Australia joined the two World Wars as ally to Britain. Today Australia is an independent, rich and multicultural country, with close ties to the United Kingdom.