Indirekte Rede
Die indirekte Rede (reported speech) ist die Wiedergabe einer mündlichen oder schriftlichen Äußerung. Sie erfolgt allerdings in abgewandelter Form. Der Artikel stellt sogenannte Einführungsverben für die indirekte Rede vor. Er veranschaulicht die Anpassung der Personal- und Possessivpronomen und die Änderung der Zeitenfolge durch Beispielsätze und einen kurzen Textausschnitt.
In der indirekten Rede wird aus
| He says, „I will be home later.“ | He said he would be at home later. | |
| (gegenwartsbezogen) direkte Rede | (vergangenheitsbezogen) indirekte Rede |
Says und said bezeichnet man als Einführungsverben.
Weitere einführende Verben sind z. B.:
to add, to admit, to argue, to complain, to contradict, to doubt if, to emphasize, to exclaim, to mention, to point out, to promise, to want to know, to wonder if.
Folgende Elemente der direkten Rede passen sich der Situation der Redewiedergabe an:
Bei der Wiedergabe durch eine andere Person verändern sich Personal- und Possessivpronomen
I will travel through Sweden with my friend next month.
He says (that) he will travel through Sweden with his friend the following month.
Zeitangaben werden in indirekter Rede umschrieben.
„I will stop smoking tomorrow.“
„She mentioned that she would stop smoking the next day.“
„Did the pain start yesterday evening?“
„The doctor wanted to know if the pain had started the previous evening.“
Steht bei der Umwandlung von direkter in indirekte Rede das einführende Verb im simple past, findet eine Verschiebung der Verbzeiten statt. Diese Verschiebung orientiert sich an der Vergangenheit (back-shift of the tenses):
| direct speech | reported speech | ||||||||||||||
|
|
Bei der Wiedergabe von Anweisungen, Bitten und Ratschlägen in indirekter Rede werden Infinitivkonstruktionen verwendet:
„Don't forget your umbrella.“ He told her not to forget her umbrella.
Im folgenden Textauszug wird erkennbar, dass bei der Umwandlung von direkter in indirekter Rede nicht lediglich die Zeitenfolge beachtet werden muss:
| Crisp Foundation, made the following speech on opening the new museum: „Ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to welcome you to witness the opening of the new Crisp Museum of Modern Art today. There can be no doubt that it is a remarkable addititon to the cultural life of our city and our nation. It is a museum whose intention is to give impetus and encouragement to the young talents among us. Here, no expense has been spared to display modern art under optimum conditions. I am glad to be here, and I feel honoured to speak in front of such a large number of visitors. I welcome you and all future visitors to enjoy the museum!“ | At the beginning of his opening speech at the new Crisp Museum of Modern Art, Dr Miller, the Chairman of the Crisp Foundation, welcomed all visitors to witness the opening of the new museum on that day. He put it beyond doubt that the museum was a remarkable addition to the cultural life of New York and the nation of the U.S. He underlined that the intention of the museum was to give impetus and encouragement to the young talents in society. At the Crisp Museum, he explained, no expense had been spared to display modern art under optimum conditions. He added how glad he was to attend the opening and to be allowed to speak in front of the large number of visitors who had come for the occasion. He finally appealed to all the visitors present and all future visitors to enjoy the museum. | Einleitendes Verb im simple past Anpassung der Personalpronomen Anpassung der adverb. Bestimmung der Zeit
Anpassung der Possessivpronomen Veränderung der Zeit im Hauptverb |
